Relationships and Health Education
(including PSHE)
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Curriculum Content
Relationships and health education focusses on giving pupils the knowledge they need to make informed decisions about their wellbeing, health and relationships, and to build their self-efficacy. Health education focusses on equipping pupils with the knowledge they need to make good decisions about their own health and wellbeing.
We understand our responsibility to deliver a high-quality, age-appropriate relationship and health curriculum for all our pupils. This policy sets out the framework for our relationships and health curriculum, providing clarity on how it is informed, organised and delivered
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Relationships Education
Relationships Education
The focus in primary school should be on teaching the fundamental building blocks and characteristics of positive relationships, with particular reference to
- Families and people who care about me
- Caring friendships
- Respectful relationships
- Online relationships
- Being safe
See table below for the content laid out in the DfE Guidance:
Families
That families are important for children growing up because they can give love, security and stability
The characteristics of healthy family life, commitment to each other, including in times of difficulty, protection and care for children and other family members, the importance of spending time together and sharing each other’s lives
That others’ families, either in school or in the wider world, sometimes look different from their family, but that they should respect those differences and know that other children’s families are also characterised by love and care
That stable, caring relationships, which may be of different types, are at the heart of happy families, and are important for children’s security as they grow up
That marriage represents a formal and legally recognised commitment of two people to each other which is intended to be lifelong
How to recognise if family relationships are making them feel unhappy or unsafe, and how to seek help or advice from others if needed
Caring Relationships
How important friendships are in making us feel happy and secure, and how people choose and make friends
The characteristics of friendships, including mutual respect, truthfulness, trustworthiness, loyalty, kindness, generosity, trust, sharing interests and experiences and support with problems and difficulties
That healthy friendships are positive and welcoming towards others, and do not make others feel lonely or excluded
That most friendships have ups and downs, and that these can often be worked through so that the friendship is repaired or even strengthened, and that resorting to violence is never right
How to recognise who to trust and who not to trust, how to judge when a friendship is making them feel unhappy or uncomfortable, managing conflict, how to manage these situations and how to seek help or advice from others, if needed
Respectful Relationships
The importance of respecting others, even when they are very different from them (for example, physically, in character, personality or backgrounds), or make different choices or have different preferences or beliefs
Practical steps they can take in a range of different contexts to improve or support respectful relationships
The conventions of courtesy and manners
The importance of self-respect and how this links to their own happiness
That in school and in wider society they can expect to be treated with respect by others, and that in turn they should show due respect to others, including those in positions of authority
About different types of bullying (including cyberbullying), the impact of bullying, responsibilities of bystanders (primarily reporting bullying to an adult) and how to get help
What a stereotype is, and how stereotypes can be unfair, negative or destructive The importance of permission-seeking and giving in relationships with friends, peers and adults
That people sometimes behave differently online, including by pretending to be someone they are not
That the same principles apply to online relationships as to face-to face relationships, including the importance of respect for others online including when we are anonymous
The rules and principles for keeping safe online, how to recognise risks, harmful content and contact, and how to report them
How to critically consider their online friendships and sources of information including awareness of the risks associated with people they have never met How information and data is shared and used online
Being safe
What sorts of boundaries are appropriate in friendships with peers and others (including in a digital context)
About the concept of privacy and the implications of it for both children and adults; including that it is not always right to keep secrets if they relate to being safe
That each person’s body belongs to them, and the differences between appropriate and inappropriate or unsafe physical, and other, contact
How to respond safely and appropriately to adults they may encounter (in all contexts, including online) whom they do not know
How to recognise and report feelings of being unsafe or feeling bad about any adult
How to ask for advice or help for themselves or others, and to keep trying until they are heard
How to report concerns or abuse, and the vocabulary and confidence needed to do so
Where to get advice e.g. family, school and/or other sources
- Health Education
The aim of teaching pupils about physical health and mental wellbeing is to give them the information that they need to make good decisions about their own health and wellbeing. It should enable them to recognise what is normal and what is an issue in themselves and others and, when issues arise, know how to seek support as early as possible from appropriate sources.
- Mental wellbeing
- Internet safety and harms
- Physical health and fitness
- Healthy eating
- Drugs, alcohol and tobacco
- Health and prevention
- Basic first aid
- Changing adolescent body
See table below for the content laid out in the DfE Guidance:
Mental wellbeing
Mental wellbeing is a normal part of daily life, in the same way as physical health. There is a normal range of emotions (e.g. happiness, sadness, anger, fear, surprise, nervousness) and scale of emotions that all humans experience in relation to different experiences and situations.
How to recognise and talk about their emotions, including having a varied vocabulary of words to use when talking about their own and others’ feelings. How to judge whether what they are feeling and how they are behaving is appropriate and proportionate.
The benefits of physical exercise, time outdoors, community participation, voluntary and service-based activity on mental wellbeing and happiness.
Simple self-care techniques, including the importance of rest, time spent with friends and family and the benefits of hobbies and interests.
Isolation and loneliness can affect children and that it is very important for children to discuss their feelings with an adult and seek support.
Bullying (including cyberbullying) has a negative and often lasting impact on mental wellbeing.
Where and how to seek support (including recognising the triggers for seeking support), including whom in school they should speak to if they are worried about their own or someone else’s mental wellbeing or ability to control their emotions (including issues arising online).
It is common for people to experience mental ill health. For many people who do, the problems can be resolved if the right support is made available, especially if accessed early enough.
Internet safety and harms
For most people the internet is an integral part of life and has many benefits.
About the benefits of rationing time spent online, the risks of excessive time spent on electronic devices and the impact of positive and negative content online on their own and others’ mental and physical wellbeing.
How to consider the effect of their online actions on others and know how to recognise and display respectful behaviour online and the importance of keeping personal information private.
Why social media, some computer games and online gaming, for example, are age restricted.
The internet can also be a negative place where online abuse, trolling, bullying and harassment can take place, which can have a negative impact on mental health.
How to be a discerning consumer of information online including understanding that information, including that from search engines, is ranked, selected and targeted.
Where and how to report concerns and get support with issues online
Physical Health and Fitness
The characteristics and mental and physical benefits of an active lifestyle.
The importance of building regular exercise into daily and weekly routines and how to achieve this; for example walking or cycling to school, a daily active mile or other forms of regular, vigorous exercise.
The risks associated with an inactive lifestyle (including obesity).
How and when to seek support including which adults to speak to in school if they are worried about their health.
Healthy Eating
What constitutes a healthy diet (including understanding calories and other nutritional content).
The principles of planning and preparing a range of healthy meals.
The characteristics of a poor diet and risks associated with unhealthy eating (including, for example, obesity and tooth decay) and other behaviours (e.g. the impact of alcohol on diet or health).
Drugs alcohol and tobacco
The facts about legal and illegal harmful substances and associated risks, including smoking, alcohol use and drug-taking.
Health and Prevention
How to recognise early signs of physical illness, such as weight loss, or unexplained changes to the body.
About safe and unsafe exposure to the sun, and how to reduce the risk of sun damage, including skin cancer.
The importance of sufficient good quality sleep for good health and that a lack of sleep can affect weight, mood and ability to learn.
About dental health and the benefits of good oral hygiene and dental flossing, including regular check-ups at the dentist.
About personal hygiene and germs including bacteria, viruses, how they are spread and treated, and the importance of handwashing.
The facts and science relating to allergies, immunisation and vaccination.
Basic First Aid
How to make a clear and efficient call to emergency services if necessary.
Concepts of basic first-aid, for example dealing with common injuries, including head injuries.
Changing adolescent body
Key facts about puberty and the changing adolescent body, particularly from age 9 through to age 11 including physical and emotional changes.
About menstrual wellbeing including the key facts about the menstrual cycle.
- Curriculum delivery
Relationships and Health Education is taught throughout the whole school curriculum. This includes within the Personal, Social, Health Education (PSHE) curriculum, science curriculum, Physical Education (PE), computing as well as mental wellbeing Mind Fitness sessions, British Values sessions and some specific RHE units.
The curriculum is underpinned by the school’s values of:
- Personal excellence
- Respect and Friendship
- Inspiration
- Determination and Courage
- Equality
As well as the British Values of:
- Democracy
- Rule of Law
- Respect
- Tolerance
- Individual Liberty.
Pupils will mainly be taught in their class groups. Single gender lessons will be used as deemed appropriate by the school eg about the changing body. It is important to note that although separated groups may have different activities, the messages and information they receive will be consistent. It is important that children learn about all changes not just their own.
Through effective organisation and delivery of the subject, we will ensure that:
- Core knowledge is sectioned into units of manageable
- The required content is communicated to pupils clearly, in a carefully sequenced way, within a planned scheme of work.
- Teaching includes sufficient and well-chosen opportunities and contexts for pupils to embed new knowledge so that it can be used confidently in real-life
In addition, teachers will:
- Deliver a high-quality and age-appropriate relationships and health curriculum in line with school and statutory
- Use a variety of teaching methods and resources to provide an engaging curriculum that meets the needs of all
- Ensure they do not express personal views or beliefs when delivering the
- Model positive attitudes to relationships and health
- Respond to any safeguarding concerns in line with the Child Protection and Safeguarding Policy.
- Questions
Teachers will attempt to answer pupils’ questions and concerns in a sensitive, age and development appropriate manner. Individual teachers will use skill and discretion in these situations and refer to the Relationships and Health Education Lead.
Teachers will apply the following principles:
- Clear ground rules will be established and set out for each session
- Pupil questions will be encouraged and opportunities to ask questions openly and in private eg. post it notes/question boxes will be provided
- Clarity about the topics being taught will be shared with pupils
- If a child’s question is not appropriate to answer in front of the class, the teacher will explain calmly that this is not part of today’s discussion and will discuss
- Individual questions may be answered by the teacher at the end of the
- Some questions may be referred to the child’s parents to provide an answer; in these circumstances the class teacher will make
All staff members at the school will undergo training on a yearly basis to ensure they are up-to-date with the relationship and health education programme and associated issues.
Members of staff responsible for teaching the subjects will undergo further training led by the relationships and health education subject leader, to ensure they are fully equipped to teach the subjects effectively.
Training of staff will also be scheduled around any updated guidance on the programme and any new developments, which may need to be addressed in relation to the programme.
- Equality and accessibility
Equality and diversity is central to achieving this overall aim of the school. We are committed to ensuring equality of education and opportunity for all pupils, staff, parents and carers receiving services from the school. The school understands its responsibilities in relation to the Equality Act 2010. We aim to make sure that no-one experiences less favourable treatment or discrimination because of:
- Disability
- Gender
- Race
- Religion and belief
- Sexual identity and orientation
- Gender reassignment
- Pregnancy and maternity
- Age
- Marital or civil partnership status
The school is committed to making reasonable adjustments wherever possible to promote accessibility and inclusivity of the curriculum. The school understands that pupils with SEND or other needs (such as those with social, emotional or mental health needs) are entitled to learn about relationships and health education, and the programme will be designed to be inclusive of all pupils.
Teachers will understand that they may need to be more explicit and adapt their planning of work and teaching methods in order to appropriately deliver the programme to pupils with SEND or other needs.
The curriculum will be taught within the context of family life, taking care to ensure that there is no stigmatisation of children based on their home circumstances (families can include a mum and a dad, blended families (step/half siblings) single parent families, LGBT parents, families headed by grandparents, adoptive parents, foster parents/carers amongst other structures) along with reflecting sensitively that some children may have a different structure of support around them (for example: looked after children or young carers).
Provisions under the Equality Act 2010 allow our school to take positive action, where it can be evidenced to be proportionate, to respond to particular disadvantages affecting a group because of a protected characteristic. When deciding whether support is necessary to support pupils with a particular protected characteristic, we will consider our pupils’ needs, including the gender and age range of our pupils.
We will encourage children to be respectful of the differences between boys and girls, but we will also be careful of assuming that boys and girls have distinct characteristics which can lead to negative stereotyping. For example, we will discourage negative characterisation of gender such as “boys don’t cry”, or “girls shouldn’t play football” and dispel any manifestations of discrimination from an early age. In order to foster healthy and respectful peer-to-peer communication and behaviour between boys and girls, the school implements a robust Behaviour Policy, which sets out our expectations of pupils.
- Sex Education
All pupils must be taught the aspects of sex education outlined in the primary science curriculum – which includes teaching about the main external parts of the human body, how the human body changes as it grows from birth to old age, including puberty, and the reproductive process in some plants and animals.
The school is free to determine whether pupils should be taught sex education beyond what is required of the national curriculum. At our school, we do not teach pupils sex education beyond what is required of the science curriculum.
In line with our school’s child protection policy, if a child is at risk of sexual harm, additional actions will be taken to ensure children have the knowledge and skills to keep themselves and others safe.
- Parents' right to withdraw
Parents do not have the right to withdraw their children from relationships and health education or the programme of study as part of the requirements of the science curriculum. The school will continue to teach the science curriculum as set out in the National Curriculum (see Appendix 4 for objectives taught and terminology used). The changing of the adolescent body topics will be taught in single sex groups and, where possible, by a member of staff of the same gender.
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